Arabic calligraphy of Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal Emperor (r. 1837-1857), c. 1850. The talented Zafar, according to one observer, “was discussed in every house,” for “the Emperor himself was a poet and a connoisseur of poetry” and “the language of the exalted fort was the essence of refinement.” Zafar was also known for his skills as a gardener, a patron of miniatures, and a calligrapher.
Mughal-Library